SCI写作高频句，模板系列--材料与方法
从本周起，我们开始SCI写作高频句，模板系列。其实我们以前推送过一篇类似的文章：SCI论文写作常用句式总结—方法和材料部分。但这一篇大部分内容是由英文网站上的内容编辑而来，远达不到我们原创总结的水平。所以我们今天给大家带来我们的特约编辑HM的精心之作：SCI写作高频句，模板系列--材料与方法部分。
SCI论文的材料与方法部分，是SCI论文写作中模仿性最强的内容。相同的实验名称，除了个别仪器、试剂厂家、实验步骤间存在略微的差别，其他部分的描述都几乎相同。只要实验用的protocol没有改变，有条件的小伙伴甚至可以直接根据本实验室以往发表文章的相同实验，或者参考文献中用的一样的步骤方法，进行语言顺序、重要词汇描述上的改写。而且这种情况下还可以在描述材料与方法时，加一句“根据我们以往的研究方法”，或者“具体实验步骤参考某某文章”。另一方面，如果用的是自己不太了解的实验方法，就需要掌握SCI材料与方法描述的一般模式了。
1. 以Animals为例：
总的描述内容包括：动物的周龄、获得动物的来源、造模方法、动物雄雌、造模方法、是否符合动物伦理、动物在非造模期间的处理情况。总体意思就是老鼠分笼情况，大老鼠多少只一笼，小老鼠多少只一笼，生物钟按早七点晚七点昼夜节律，食物和水随便吃喝待遇好之类的描述：
Animals were group-housed two per cage for rats and four per cage for mice under a 12-h light-dark cycle (light on from 7a.m. to 7p.m.) with access to food and water ad libitum.
Control mice were handled every day without 造模名称 procedures.
符合动物伦理的描述：
All animal studies and experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the animal facility at XX university.
2. 以Patient and clinical database为例：
总的描述内容包括：患者病例收录的时间开始和截止时间、收录单位，样本数，基线资料表。
患者的分组情况：We divided the patients into high- and low-risk groups by K-means.
研究性质：前瞻性还是回溯性质的研究
Clinical follow-up data was recorded by retrospective case note review with data from surviving patients censored every three months or from telephone counseling every month.
伦理声明:
不需要伦理声明的版本：Therefore, inform consents from patients were not needed and the institutional review board (IRB) reviews were waived based on the institutional policy.
需要伦理声明的版本（Ethics statement）：
This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the XX university. Patients were consented by an informed consent process that was reviewed by the IRB.
All the specimens were coded and handled according to the ethical guidelines described in the Code for Proper Secondary Use of Human Tissue in the Netherlands of the Dutch Federation of Medical Scientific Societies as reviewed and approved by the LUMC ethical board.
常用分子实验名称举例：
western blotting, immunohistochemistry, cell transfection and cell culture, plasmid constructs, electron microscopic and immunohistochemistry, stereotaxic surgery and virus injection, 疾病model and behavior assay.
动物处死过程描述
All animals were sacrificed terminally after behavioral tests and XX and YY were removed for further investigation.
在介绍某个实验方法时，首先介绍这个实验方法或者应用到的数据库的最核心最有概括性的功能作用，然后最好引用一篇相应的介绍该方法的经典文献（通常就是google scholar引用次数最多的文献）。
实验方法描述过渡
XX of the mice/patients were recorded for subsequent analysis.
Both A and B were used for subsequent experiments.
介绍实验试剂：介绍试剂购买的公司、国家，试剂的浓度、使用规格，可以引用使用过该试剂的文献来加强对自己文章的支持。
实验方法性能的描述
XX was used to examine the expression level of YY.
XX was employed to construct XX for YY.
如果是来源于过去/补充材料的实验方法和已发表的文章，可以这么写
The required XX were estimated on the basis of our past experience performing similar experiments.
XXX assay, the analyses of the data and details of XX and processing have been previously described.
Please refer to the supplementary material for the details of eligibility criteria. Sample availability is shown in the consort diagram in X.
According to a standard protocol as described in the supplementary method section.
The detailed methods were described in the supplementary method section.
实验对象随机分组的写法
Animals were randomly assigned to treatment groups. Analyses were performed blinded to treatment assignments in all XX experiments.
All statistical analyses were performed at XX hospital, XX university and blind to group assignment and outcome assessment.
具体基线资料见补充材料的写法
The sample size, specific statistical tests used, and main effects of our statistical analyses for each experiment are reported in Supplementary Table X.
统计方法的描述
All statistical tests were two-tailed, and significance was assigned at P<0.05.
有一些高分文章，还在后面补充原始数据的下载获取地址或方法
Data availability. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Statistics. No statistical methods were used to predetermine sample size, and the experiments were not randomized. Further details of statistics are provided in the Supplementary Information.
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